![]() ![]() familyįundamental particles are either the building blocks of matter, called fermions, or the mediators of interactions, called bosons. Standard model particles (nucleons included for comparison) * Masses from the Particle Data Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory † The proton and neutron are hadrons (made of quarks), baryons (made of three quarks), and nucleons (found in the nucleus), but they are not standard model particles ‡ The Higgs boson is the only known scalar boson. The last particles discovered were the W and Z bosons in 1983, the top quark in 1995, the tau neutrino in 2000, and the Higgs boson in 2012. ![]() ![]() There are seventeen named particles in the standard model, organized into the chart shown below. It incorporated all that was known about subatomic particles at the time and predicted the existence of additional particles as well. The standard model is the name given in the 1970s to a theory of fundamental particles and how they interact. ![]()
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